Research progress on the relationship between serum uric acid and sarcopenia / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective With the deepening of population aging, sarcopenia has become an important public health problem affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly population. As the end-product of purine metabolism in human body, uric acid has dual effects of anti-oxidation, pro-oxidation and pro-inflammatory reaction , which affects the occurrence and development of sarcopenia to a certain extent. This paper reviews the research progress of serum uric acid and sarcopenia. Methods PubMed database, Web of Science core collection database, Embase database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database were searched for literatures on the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and sarcopenia up to February 7, 2022, and then reviewed. Results A total of 4 epidemiological studies were found on serum uric acid levels and the risk of sarcopenia. Among them, 3 studies found that SUA within a certain level range was a protective factor for sarcopenia, and 1 study suggested that the risk of sarcopenia increased with the increase of SUA levels. There was a gender difference between serum uric acid level and sarcopenia risk. Conclusion At present, the results of studies on the relationship between serum uric acid levels and the risk of sarcopenia are still controversial, which may be caused by the different effects of uric acid in human body. In the future , more extensive and in-depth studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the two.

Analysis of on-demand adherence and related factors in men who have sex with men who access HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services via the internet / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the compliancy to on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) accessing to PrEP service through an Internet platform. Methods: A cross-sectional study method was used to recruit survey respondents through the Heer Health platform from July 6 to August 30, 2022, and a questionnaire survey on the current status of medication use was conducted in MSM who use PrEP through the platform and take medication on demand. The MSM's information collected in the survey mainly included socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, risk perception characteristics, PrEP awareness and the status of dose taking. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate factors related with compliancy to PrEP. Results: A total of 330 MSM who met the recruitment criteria were included during the survey period, with a valid response rate of 96.7% (319/330) to the questionnaire survey. The age of the 319 MSM was (32.5±7.3) years. Most of them had education level of junior college or college and above (94.7%, 302/319), most of them were unmarried (90.3%, 288/319), most of them had full-time works (95.9%, 306/319), and 40.8% of them had average monthly income ≥10 000 yuan (130/319). The proportion of the MSM with good compliancy to PrEP was 86.5% (276/319). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that the MSM with good awareness of PrEP had relatively better compliancy to PrEP compared with those with poor awareness of PrEP (aOR=2.43, 95%CI:1.11-5.32). Conclusions: The compliancy to on-demand PrEP was good in MSM who accessed to the services through Internet platform, but there is still a need to strengthen PrEP promotion in MSM for the further improvement of PrEP compliancy and reduction of the risk for HIV infection in this population.

Abnormal Prefrontal Brain Activation During a Verbal Fluency Task in Treatment-Resistant Depression Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Objective@#The study investigated cognitive performance and brain function between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non- TRD patients to find potential neurobiological markers associated with refractoriness in depression patients. @*Methods@#Fourteen TRD patients, 26 non-TRD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were included in the present study. The neural function of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cognitive performance among the three group were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during verbal fluency task (VFT). @*Results@#Both TRD and non-TRD groups exhibited significantly worse VFT performance and lower activation of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in the bilateral dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) compared to the HC group. Within the TRD and non-TRD groups, VFT performance was no significant difference, but activation of oxy-Hb changes in dorsomedial PFC (DMPFC) in TRD patients was significantly lower than non-TRD patients. In addition, activation of oxy-Hb changes in right DLPFC were negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in depression patients. @*Conclusion@#Both TRD patients and non-TRD patients exhibited lower oxy-Hb activation in DLPFC. TRD patients exhibit lower oxy- Hb activation in DMPFC than non-TRD patients. fNIRS maybe a useful tool for predict depressive patients with or without treatment resistant.

Mechanism of omege-6 PUFA increasing the susceptibility to acute myocardial ischemia injury / 药学学报

The abnormal lipids metabolism is a critical pathological feature of coronary heart disease (CHD). Additional supplemental intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has long been considered to be an effective strategy for preventing CHD, but more and more clinical trials have denied this view. Still, it is ambiguity for the specific mechanism of PUFA in CHD. The experimental programs are compliant with ethical principles for animal use and have been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University. In the present study, we established an animal model by intake of omega-6 PUFA combined acute myocardial ischemia to explore the mechanism of CHD. Intragastric administration of linoleic acid (LA) for 14 days, intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO) was applied to induce acute myocardial ischemia for the animal model establishment. The animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect cardiac function in vivo after ISO injection for 24 h. Serum and heart tissue samples were collected for the myocardial enzyme, phospholipidomics analysis and molecular biological detection. Compared to the LA group, the cardiac function showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) and the left ventricular shortening fraction (FS%) decreased, aspaetate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in the LA + ISO mice. Compared to the ISO group, the phospholipidomics analysis showed that the PUFAs significantly were raised in the LA + ISO myocardium, and the content of oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (ox-PE) changed most remarkable. Compared with the ISO group, the molecular biology detection showed that glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were depleted, the end-products of ox-PE were increased, and the level of arachidonic acid 12/15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) protein expression increased obviously. We suggest that ALOX15 mediated phospholipid peroxidation might be the critical mechanism of LA increased the susceptibility of myocardial ischemia injury. This study provides an experimental basis for whether PUFA could be used as an alternative treatment strategy for CHD prevention and provides a new intervention target for the early prevention strategy of CHD.

Application of gradient cushion on prevention of supine hypotension syndrome undergoing cesarean section / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the application of gradient cushion on prevention of supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) undergoing cesarean section.@*Methods@#450 parturients undergoing cesarean section with spinal and epidural anesthesia, aged 20-45 years, ASA Ⅰ, Ⅱor Ⅲ grades, were randomly assigned into three groups: gradient cushion group (group A), sandbag group (group B) and left-leaning-operating table group (group C), 150 cases in each. The posture intervention was alternated after completion of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Recorded the cases of SHS, and collected systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO2) before anesthesia, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus. And assessed the position comfort with surgical posture comfort scale.@*Results@#The incidence of SHS in group A was 8.0%(12/150), in group B was 20.0% (30/150), and in group C was 21.3% (32/150). The rate of SHS was higher in group A than other groups (χ2 value was 8.970, 10.653, all P<0.01). The score with surgical posture comfort scale was (47.03 ± 3.01), (38.13 ± 4.70), (36.10 ± 4.04), which was higher in group A than group B or group C, and the score with surgical posture comfort scale was higher in group B than group C (t value was 27.413, 30.227, 2.542, P<0.01 or 0.05). SBP and DBP were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and SBP and DBP were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, HR and RR were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and HR and RR were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus (t value was -15.842-21.117, P<0.05 or 0.01).@*Conclusion@#After spinal and epidural anesthesia, applying the gradient cushion for adjustment of position would be effective to reduce the occurrence of SHS, simple to handle, decreasing to change the position and increasing to comfort after position in cesarean section.

Chronic stress induces fur color change from dark to brown by decreasing follicle melanocytes and tyrosinase activity in female C57BL/6 mice / 生理学报

Increasing evidence suggests that stress may induce changes in hair color, with the underlying mechanism incompletely understood. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice subjected to electric foot shock combined with restraint stress were used to build chronic stress mouse model. The melanin contents and tyrosinase activity were measured in mouse skin and B16F10 melanoma cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the mouse skin. The content of nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/p65 subunit in mouse skins was valued by immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that under chronic stress, the fur color turned from dark to brown in C57BL/6 mice due to the decrease of follicle melanocytes and tyrosinase activity in C57BL/6 mouse skin. Simultaneously, inflammatory responses in skins were detected as shown by increased NFκB activity and TNF-α expression in stressed mouse skin. In cultured B16F10 melanoma cells, TNF-α reduced the melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that chronic stress induces fur color change by decreasing follicle melanocytes and tyrosinase activity in female C57BL/6 mice, and TNF-α may play an important role in stress-induced hair color change.

Application of gradient cushion on prevention of supine hypotension syndrome undergoing cesarean section / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of gradient cushion on prevention of supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) undergoing cesarean section.Methods:450 parturients undergoing cesarean section with spinal and epidural anesthesia, aged 20-45 years, ASA Ⅰ, Ⅱor Ⅲ grades, were randomly assigned into three groups: gradient cushion group (group A), sandbag group (group B) and left-leaning-operating table group (group C), 150 cases in each. The posture intervention was alternated after completion of spinal and epidural anesthesia. Recorded the cases of SHS, and collected systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO 2) before anesthesia, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus. And assessed the position comfort with surgical posture comfort scale. Results:The incidence of SHS in group A was 8.0%(12/150), in group B was 20.0% (30/150), and in group C was 21.3% (32/150). The rate of SHS was higher in group A than other groups ( χ2 value was 8.970, 10.653, all P<0.01). The score with surgical posture comfort scale was (47.03 ± 3.01), (38.13 ± 4.70), (36.10 ± 4.04), which was higher in group A than group B or group C, and the score with surgical posture comfort scale was higher in group B than group C ( t value was 27.413, 30.227, 2.542, P<0.01 or 0.05). SBP and DBP were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and SBP and DBP were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, HR and RR were higher in group A and group B than group C at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus, and HR and RR were higher in group A than group B at 2 min, 5 min, 10 min after anesthesia and prefetus removal from uterus ( t value was -15.842-21.117, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion:After spinal and epidural anesthesia, applying the gradient cushion for adjustment of position would be effective to reduce the occurrence of SHS, simple to handle, decreasing to change the position and increasing to comfort after position in cesarean section.

Overview of systematic review on acupoint application for bronchial asthma / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To overview the systematic review/meta-analysis on acupoint application for bronchial asthma. METHODS: A computerized retrieval was performed from 6 databases, named CNKI, CBM, VIP, WF, PubMed and Cochrane Library. The time of retrieval was from the establishment of the database to April 1, 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the two researchers independently selected articles and extracted data. In case of disagreement, a third party was adopted to solve it. Using AMSTAR2, PRISMA and GRADE, the literature quality and evidence grade were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles relevant with systematic evaluation/meta-analysis were included, 16 articles of which were in Chinese and 3 articles in English, published in the period from 2007 to 2018. Forty-two outcome indicators were included. It was found that the quality of methodology was very low, the quality of literature report has some or serious flaws and the quality level of evidence is mostly low or very low. CONCLUSION: Currently, regarding the articles of systematic review/meta-analysis on acupoint application for bronchial asthma, it is quite low in methodological quality and literature report quality and is not high in the grade of outcome indicators. The clinical research should be intensively specified in association with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine so as to provide more reliable clinical evidence.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasome pathway involvement in human podocyte injury with a truncated COL4A3 mutation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Collagen type IV (COL4)-related nephropathy includes a variety of kidney diseases that occur with or without extra-renal manifestations caused by COL4A3-5 mutations. Previous studies revealed several novel mutations, including three COL4A3 missense mutations (G619R, G801R, and C1616Y) and the COL4A3 chr:228172489delA c.4317delA p.Thr1440ProfsX87 frameshift mutation that resulted in a truncated NC1 domain (hereafter named COL4A3 c.4317delA); however, the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury remain unclear. This study aimed to further explore the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury.@*Methods@#Wild-type (WT) and four mutant COL4A3 segments were constructed into a lentiviral plasmid, then stably transfected into human podocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)- and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein levels. Then, human podocytes were treated with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and brefeldin A (a transport protein inhibitor). The human podocyte findings were verified by the establishment of a mus-Col4a3 knockout mouse monoclonal podocyte using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology.@*Results@#Our data showed that COL4A3 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in the lentivirus stably transfected podocytes. Moreover, the COL4A3 protein level was significantly increased in all groups except the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Compared to the other test groups, the COL4A3 c.4317delA group showed excessive ERS and apoptosis. Podocytes treated with MG132 showed remarkably increased intra-cellular expression of the COL4A3 c.4317delA mutation. MG132 intervention improved higher ERS and apoptosis levels in the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Mouse monoclonal podocytes with COL4A3 chr:82717932insA c.4852insA p.Arg1618ThrfsX4 were successfully acquired; this NC1-truncated mutation suggested a higher level of ERS and relatively remarkable level of apoptosis compared to that of the WT group.@*Conclusions@#We demonstrated that excessive ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis were involved in the podocyte injury caused by the NC1-truncated COL4A3 mutation. Furthermore, proteasome pathway intervention might become a potential treatment for collagen type IV-related nephropathy caused by a severely truncated COL4A3 mutation.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasome pathway involvement in human podocyte injury with a truncated COL4A3 mutation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Collagen type IV (COL4)-related nephropathy includes a variety of kidney diseases that occur with or without extra-renal manifestations caused by COL4A3-5 mutations. Previous studies revealed several novel mutations, including three COL4A3 missense mutations (G619R, G801R, and C1616Y) and the COL4A3 chr:228172489delA c.4317delA p.Thr1440ProfsX87 frameshift mutation that resulted in a truncated NC1 domain (hereafter named COL4A3 c.4317delA); however, the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury remain unclear. This study aimed to further explore the mutation mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury.@*METHODS@#Wild-type (WT) and four mutant COL4A3 segments were constructed into a lentiviral plasmid, then stably transfected into human podocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)- and apoptosis-related mRNA and protein levels. Then, human podocytes were treated with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) and brefeldin A (a transport protein inhibitor). The human podocyte findings were verified by the establishment of a mus-Col4a3 knockout mouse monoclonal podocyte using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology.@*RESULTS@#Our data showed that COL4A3 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in the lentivirus stably transfected podocytes. Moreover, the COL4A3 protein level was significantly increased in all groups except the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Compared to the other test groups, the COL4A3 c.4317delA group showed excessive ERS and apoptosis. Podocytes treated with MG132 showed remarkably increased intra-cellular expression of the COL4A3 c.4317delA mutation. MG132 intervention improved higher ERS and apoptosis levels in the COL4A3 c.4317delA group. Mouse monoclonal podocytes with COL4A3 chr:82717932insA c.4852insA p.Arg1618ThrfsX4 were successfully acquired; this NC1-truncated mutation suggested a higher level of ERS and relatively remarkable level of apoptosis compared to that of the WT group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#We demonstrated that excessive ERS and ERS-induced apoptosis were involved in the podocyte injury caused by the NC1-truncated COL4A3 mutation. Furthermore, proteasome pathway intervention might become a potential treatment for collagen type IV-related nephropathy caused by a severely truncated COL4A3 mutation.

Research progress of vaginal radioactivity injury / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Radiotherapy is an important treatment of cervical cancer,the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer mainly depends on external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy.However,in the process of the cervical cancer radiotherapy,the vagina has an ambivalent role in the treatment of cervical cancer,being as well a target organ (upper vagina) as an organ at risk.Vaginal radiation-induced injury will appear when it received high doses of radiation.And sexual dysfunction caused by radiation-induced injury has become an important problem cervical cancer survivor.In this article,recent vaginal dose and vaginal radiation injury-related studies have been summarized to unravel the pathophysiological changes,clinical symptoms,clinical diagnosis and treatment of vaginal radiation-induced injury.

Occurrence of radiation-induced injury in vagina after radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer and its affecting factors / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the occurrence and degree of radiation-induced injury in vagina after radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer.Methods A total of 282 cases of patients with cervical cancer were collected from November 2016 to September 2017.All of the above patients underwent radical radiotherapy from 2008 to 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University.The patients′International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)staging(2009),brachytherapy dose,whether receive synchronous chemotherapy or not,age and body mass index(BMI)for the occurrence and severity of vaginal radiation injury at different time periods were analyzed by cross-sectional survey method.The single factor would be analyzed by the method of Chi-square test and the multiple factors would be analyzed by logistic regression method to checkout. Results Of the 282 patients, the incidence of radiation-injury in vaginal was 84.4%(238/282), with the incidence rate of degree Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲradiation injury were respectively 50.7%(143/282),29.8%(84/282)and 3.9%(11/282;χ2=153.375,P<0.05),and there was no degree Ⅳ. Until the end of the follow-up time, the incidence of radiation-induced injury in vaginal after completing the treatment within 1 year,1-2 years,>2-<5 years and≥5 years were respectively 80.0%(24/30), 87.2%(102/117), 88.2%(60/68)and 77.6%(52/67; χ2=4.231, P=0.238). There were 30 cases be followed within 1 year after treatment,the incidence rate of degreeⅠ,ⅡandⅢof radiation injury in vagina was 60.0%(18/30), 20.0%(6/30)and 0, respectively (χ2=28.636, P<0.05). There were 117 cases be followed between 1- 2 years after treatment, the incidence rate of degree Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ vaginal radiation-induced injury were 54.7%(64/117),29.9%(35/117)and 2.6%(3/117),respectively(χ2=77.198, P<0.05).There were 68 cases be followed between>2-<5 years after treatment,the incidence rate of degreeⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ vaginal radiation-induced injury were 51.5%(35/68),33.8%(23/68)and 2.9%(2/68), respectively(χ2=39.525,P<0.05).There were 67 cases be followed≥5 years after treatment,the incidence rate of degreeⅠ,ⅡandⅢvaginal radiation injury were 38.8%(26/67),29.9%(20/67)and 9.0%(6/67), respectively(χ2=16.395, P<0.05). The single-factor analysis result indicated that the brachytherapy dose had an obvious effect on vaginal radiation-induced injury(χ2=5.344,P=0.021);however,other factors,such as age, BMI, FIGO stages and synchronous chemotherapy, had no obvious effect on vaginal radiation-induced injury(all P>0.05). The multifactor analysis indicated that the brachytherapy dose was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of vaginal radiation-induced injury(P=0.043). Conclusion After the radical radiotherapy of cervical cancer, the vaginal radiation-induced injury is associated with the dose of brachytherapy.

Diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs for predicting pneumonia-associated sepsis in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the predicting value of circulating miRNAs for sepsis secondary to pneumonia in elderly patients.Methods From April 2016 to January 2017,44 cases with sepsis secondary to pneumonia,52 elderly patients with pneumonia and 21 healthy older adults as control were involved in this study.The expression levels of MiRNA-150 5p,miRNA-25-3p,miRNA-122 5p and miRNA-223-3p in plasma were evaluated by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The demographic characteristics,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)scores,prognosis and days stayed in ICU were recorded.The area under the receiver operating charaeteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculated the specificity and sensitivity of miRNA in identifying sepsis-associated pneumonia.Results There were significantly differences among levels of circulating miRNA-223-3p in pneumonia,sepsis and healthy control groups(F =36.441,P =0.000),△CT values were 2.39 ± 1.36,1.44± 1.43,and 4.58 ± 0.91,respectively.The relative expression levels of miRNA-223-3p in the three groups were significantly different (P =0.000),which were 0.189 (0.107,0.367),0.361 (0.221,0.735),and 0.044 (0.022,0.061),respectively.The AUC of miRNA-223-3p for predicting sepsis from pneumonia was 0.964(95 ％CI =0.925 1.000).At a cutoff value of 2.759,miRNA-223-3p yielded a sensitivity of 82.9％ and a specificity of 100.0％.Conclusions MiRNA-223-3p expression is up-regulated in patients with sepsis secondary to pneumonia compared to that of patients with pneumonia,and it could be used to predict sepsis associated pneumonia.

Enhanced tenogenic differentiation by Scleraxis overexpression in human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are adult stem cells with multipotential differentiation, which can be induced to differentiate into bone, cartilage and other connective tissues. Meanwhile, as a highly specific marker of tenocytes, Scleraxis is involved in aggregation and differentiation of tendon progenitor cells as well as the formation of tendon extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hAMSCs have the ability of differentiation into tenocytes by ectopic expression of Scleraxis. METHODS: Agreed by puerpera, the amniotic membrane from the full-term placenta was separated, and hAMSCs were isolated by a two-step enzyme digestion, observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, and identified by flow cytometry. Passage 3 cells were induced via plasmid-mediated Scleraxis overexpression in overexpression group. Untransfected cells cultured in normal medium served as blank control group, and those with empty plasmid transfection were defined as empty plasmid group. Cell proliferation was tested in each group using cell counting kit-8 within 7 days of culture. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used to assess the tenogenic differentiation of hAMSCs in each group at 3 and 7 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Findings from the cell counting kit-8 indicated that the cell viability had no significant differences among the groups within 7 days of culture (P > 0.05). Western blot results showed the protein expression of Scleraxis in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed, at 3 days of culture, the expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, Fibronectin and Tenascin-C in the overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05), but the expression of Tenomodulin had no difference (P > 0.05); at 7 days of culture, the expressions of collagen type I, collagen type III, Fibronectin, Tenascin-C and Tenomodulin in the overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05). In summary, hAMSCs can be differentiated into tenocytes by ectopic expression of Scleraxis.

5-Fluorouracil suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth via promoting miR-22 expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the impact of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on miR-22 expression in human hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of 5-fluorouracil for HCC chemo-therapy. Methods Real-time PCR analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of miR-22 in HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines. The expression of miR-22 and pri-miR-22 (primary miR-22) was evaluated in HepG2 and Huh7 cells with 5-FU treatment by using real-time PCR and we also performed Western blot analysis to detect the protein level of HDAC4 in HCC cells with the same treatment. A rescue assay was employed by using 5-FU treatment in combination with miR-22 inhibitor(Anti-22) to further investigate the correlation among 5-FU, miR-22,and HCC cell growth. Results miR-22 expression depicted a significant downregulation in HCC tissues and cell lines (P<0.01). 5-FU treatment led to an augment of miR-22 expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells(P<0.001) and resulted in a decrease of HDAC4 protein levels, which was verified as a direct target of miR-22 in HCC cells (P<0.01). Conclusions 5-FU has suppressive effect on HCC growth which could be potentially ex-plained by miR-22-mediated HDAC4 axis.

5-Fluorouracil suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth via promoting miR-22 expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the impact of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on miR-22 expression in human hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of 5-fluorouracil for HCC chemo-therapy. Methods Real-time PCR analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of miR-22 in HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines. The expression of miR-22 and pri-miR-22 (primary miR-22) was evaluated in HepG2 and Huh7 cells with 5-FU treatment by using real-time PCR and we also performed Western blot analysis to detect the protein level of HDAC4 in HCC cells with the same treatment. A rescue assay was employed by using 5-FU treatment in combination with miR-22 inhibitor(Anti-22) to further investigate the correlation among 5-FU, miR-22,and HCC cell growth. Results miR-22 expression depicted a significant downregulation in HCC tissues and cell lines (P<0.01). 5-FU treatment led to an augment of miR-22 expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells(P<0.001) and resulted in a decrease of HDAC4 protein levels, which was verified as a direct target of miR-22 in HCC cells (P<0.01). Conclusions 5-FU has suppressive effect on HCC growth which could be potentially ex-plained by miR-22-mediated HDAC4 axis.

The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Isatis indigotica Fort.: molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis / 中国天然药物

Phenolic compounds, metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway, play an important role in the growth and environmental adaptation of many plants. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The present study was designed to investigate whether there is a multi-gene family in I. Indigotic and, if so, to characterize their properties. We conducted a comprehensive survey on the transcription profiling database by using tBLASTn analysis. Several bioinformatics methods were employed to perform the prediction of composition and physicochemical characters. The expression levels of IiPAL genes in various tissues of I. indigotica with stress treatment were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Protoplast transient transformation was used to observe the locations of IiPALs. IiPALs were functionally characterized by expression with pET-32a vector in Escherichia colis strain BL21 (DE3). Integration of transcripts and metabolite accumulations was used to reveal the relation between IiPALs and target compounds. An new gene (IiPAL2) was identified and both IiPALs had the conserved enzymatic active site Ala-Ser-Gly and were classified as members of dicotyledon. IiPAL1 and IiPAL2 were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, with the highest expression levels of IiPAL1 and IiPAL2 being observed in stems and roots, respectively. The two genes responded to the exogenous elicitor in different manners. Subcellular localization experiment showed that both IiPALs were localized in the cytosol. The recombinant proteins were shown to catalyze the conversion of L-Phe to trans-cinnamic acid. Correlation analysis indicated that IiPAL1 was more close to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites than IiPAL2. In conclusion, the present study provides a basis for the elucidation of the role of IiPALs genes in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, which will help further metabolic engineering to improve the accumulation of bioactive components in I. indigotica.

Effect of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combined with lip shrinkage respiration on the treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated COPD / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combined treatment using salmeterol / fluticasone propionate and lip shrinkage respiration on the treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD). METHODS: By random number table method,98 patients with stable pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD were divided into 3 groups: drug treatment group( 33 cases) was treated only with inhalation of salmeterol /fluticasone propionate( 50 μg /500 μg),twice a day; lip shrinkage respiration group( 34 cases) was treated with abdominal breathing and lip shrinkage respiration training,three times daily for 15 min per session; combined treatment group( 31 cases) was treated with both the above treatments. Before and after 6 months of treatment,the lung function,the 6-minute walk distance and the oxygen saturation( Sa O2) were detected. The modified Medical Research Council( m MRC) Respiratory Questionnaire was used to evaluate the degree of dyspnea. RESULTS: After 6 months of treatment,the forced vital capacity percentage( FVC%),percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second( FEV1%),maximum ventilatory volume( MVV),6-minute walking distance,m MRC degree and the Sa O2 improved in the patients of these 3groups compared with those before treatment( P < 0. 05). Compared with the drug treatment group or lip shrinkage respiration group after treatment,the FVC%,FEV1%,MVV,6-minute walking distance and the Sa O2 in the combined treatment group were higher( P < 0. 05),and the m MRC degree was lower( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Salmeterol /fluticasone propionate combined with lip shrinkage respiration treatment had better therapeutic effect than single treatment in treating patients with pneumoconiosis combined with COPD.

Progress on clinical application of bevacizumab for the treatment of refractory cervical cancer / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Bevacizumab is increasingly used in recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer. The early retrospective case reports found that bevacizumab combined with 5-FU (including capecitabine) or paclitaxel was well tolerated and displayed encouraging anti-tumor activity in recurrent or persistent cervical cancer. Phase Ⅱ clinical trials showed that bevacizumab was well tolerated and active in the second- and third-line treatment of patients with recurrent cervical cancer. Large scale phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ clinical trials demonstrated that bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy was effective in the first- and second-line treatment of patients with persistent cervical cancer, prolonged survival time and improved remission rate. The article also reviews the research progress on predictive factors of bevacizumab efficacy, showing the use of imaging and biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of bevacizumab treatment. In addition, this article analyzes the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab, finding that bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy meets the standard of cost-effectiveness.

Efficacy of RNA interference mediated by cationic liposomes / 生物工程学报

To investigate the cytotoxicity of the homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 and its efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi). MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the liposome to a human lung cancer cell line Luc-A549 that can express luciferase stably. Luciferase siRNA (Luc-siRNA) was transfected into Luc-A549 cells by CDO14. Contents of luciferase in the transfected cells were detected by luminous instrument and contents of total protein in these cells were detected by BCA method. Nude mice were inoculated with Luc-A549 cells in axilla to establish xenograft tumor model. Complexes of Luc-siRNA and the cationic liposomes were injected into the modeling mice via tail vein. Contents of luciferase in the transfected mice were detected by the whole body imaging system. The cytotoxicity of the homemade cationic liposome was similar to that of commercial liposome DOTAP, and lower than that of Lipo2000. The siRNA transfection efficacy mediated by CDO14 was higher than that mediated by DOTAP. The homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 is expected to serve as delivery vector in gene therapy because of its low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency.